Anti-oppression pedagogy in health professions: a scoping review.

Health professional learners are increasingly called to learn about health inequity to reduce inequities and improve patient care and health outcomes. Anti-oppression pedagogy (AOP) addresses the need for health professional learners to understand multiple health inequities and the structures and systems that produce inequities. However, the inclusion of AOP in health professions education varies and there is a lack of clarity in its conceptualization and integration. A scoping review was conducted to address this gap and to understand how AOP is conceptualized and integrated in health professions education. Thirty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles demonstrated that AOP is not commonly utilized terminology within health professions education. When AOP is integrated, it is not consistently conceptualized but is generally viewed as a broad concept that focuses on antiracism; decoloniality; intersectionality; and supporting learners to understand, critically reflect on, and act against structural and systemic forms of oppressions. In addition, there is variation in the integration of AOP in health professions education with the most common methods consisting of discussions, cases, reflection, learning through lived experiences, and the incorporation of humanities within a longitudinal curriculum. The results of this scoping review highlight the need for health professions education to develop one clear concept that educators use when teaching about anti-oppression, which may reduce working in silos and allow educators to better collaborate with each other in advancing this work. In addition, this review suggests that health professional programs should consider incorporating AOP in curricula with a broad and longitudinal approach utilizing the common methods of delivery. To better support programs in including AOP in curricula, further research is required to emphasize the benefits, provide clarity on its conceptualization, and determine the most effective methods of integration.

A Scoping Review of Theoretical Lenses and Methodological Approaches in Indigenous Women's Health and Well-Being Research in North America over the Past Two Decades.

Theoretical approaches influence research design, engagement, and outcomes. The relevance of critical theoretical and methodological approaches to Indigenous women's health and well-being research has increased in the last decade. It is difficult to assess the ways in which theoretical lenses can effectively interrupt and challenge systemic erasure, ongoing harms, and deficit-based (ill-health-centered) approaches to Indigenous women's health and well-being, a fact that is not broadly acknowledged. We conducted a scoping review to (a) map the type and frequency of critical theoretical lenses used by researchers focused on Indigenous women's health and well-being in North America over the past two decades and (b) identify which topics tend to use which theoretical lens. We have conducted a scoping review to examine peer-reviewed articles from eight electronic databases. In the articles selected over 2000-2021, we found an increase in the use of community-based participatory research, decolonial lenses, and feminist lenses. Over the last decade, there has been a decrease in quantitative social science approaches. While a range of critical theoretical and methodological approaches are increasingly being applied, the use of cultural resurgence and Indigenous feminism in health research is not widespread.

A methodological protocol for conducting a scoping review of health research on/by/with Indigenous women in North America.

BACKGROUND: Indigenous women in North America experience multiple inequities in terms of health and well-being when compared to non-Indigenous women and Indigenous men. In an effort to understand these health disparities, there has been a surge of research in the field of Indigenous women's health and well-being over the last 20 years. The objective of this study is to conduct a scoping review of the most current research in this field to determine which theoretical frameworks are being used to study which topics in Indigenous women's health and well-being in North America. METHODS: The scoping review protocol used was designed to follow an iterative six-step process as laid out by Arksey and O'Malley. Peer-reviewed, academic articles from the following databases were identified: Academic Search Complete, Native Health Database, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Bibliography of Native North America, Sociological Abstracts, Gender Watch, and Indigenous Peoples of North America. Two team members subsequently conducted two screens of titles and abstracts to include articles which focused exclusively on Indigenous women's health and well-being published between 2011 and 2021. The literature considered focused on Indigenous women's health and well-being and explicitly states their use of critical theoretical frameworks (e.g., Indigenous feminist, intersectionality, Indigenous resurgence, feminist, critical race) or community-based participatory research (CBPR). Data analysis will involve quantitative and qualitative descriptions. DISCUSSION: The results of our scoping review (in progress) will map out the current field of Indigenous women's health research. Our findings will highlight the theoretical frameworks operationalized in research on Indigenous women's health, identify gaps therein, and provide a basis for understanding how these theoretical lenses shape questions, methodologies, analysis, and implications of academic research.

Are Indigenous research principles incorporated into maternal health research? A scoping review of the global literature.

BACKGROUND: Indigenous women world-wide are diverse and heterogenous, yet many have similar experiences of colonization, land dispossession, and discrimination. These experiences along with inequitable access to, and quality of, maternal healthcare increase adverse maternal health outcomes. To improve health outcomes for Indigenous women, studies must be conducted with Indigenous involvement and reflect Indigenous research principles. Objectives/Aim: The aim of this review was to explore the range, extent, and nature of Indigenous maternal health research and to assess the reporting of Indigenous research principles in the global Indigenous maternal health literature. METHODS: Following a systematic scoping review protocol, four scholarly electronic databases were searched. Articles were included if they reported empirical research published between 2000 and 2019 and had a focus on Indigenous maternal health. Descriptive data were extracted from relevant articles and descriptive analysis was conducted. Included articles were also assessed for reporting of Indigenous research principles, including Indigenous involvement, context of colonization, Indigenous conceptualizations of health, community benefits, knowledge dissemination to participants or communities, and policy or intervention recommendations. RESULTS: Four-hundred and forty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. While studies were conducted in all continents except Antarctica, less than 3% of articles described research in low-income countries. The most researched topics were access to and quality of maternity care (25%), pregnancy outcome and/or complications (18%), and smoking, alcohol and/or drug use during pregnancy (14%). The most common study design was cross-sectional (49%), and the majority of articles used quantitative methods only (68%). Less than 2% of articles described or reported all Indigenous research principles, and 71% of articles did not report on Indigenous People's involvement. CONCLUSIONS: By summarizing the trends in published literature on Indigenous maternal health, we highlight the need for increased geographic representation of Indigenous women, expansion of research to include important but under-researched topics, and meaningful involvement of Indigenous Peoples.